| Practice Directions and Standing Orders Applicable to Criminal Appeals--continued
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36. OPPOSED INCIDENTAL PETITIONS36.1 Unless the Head of the Judicial Office directs otherwise, opposed incidental petitions (including any interlocutory petition which relates to any petition of appeal) are referred to an Appeal Committee and may be decided after an oral hearing. 36.2 One master plus seven copies of the petition must be lodged. The original petition must bear a certificate of service on the other parties and must clearly indicate whether the other parties consent or refuse to consent to the prayer. 36.3 If the Appeal Committee orders an oral hearing, the parties may apply at that time to hand in affidavits and such other documents as they may wish. Eight copies are required. Copies of such documents must be served on the other parties before the oral hearing. Authorities are not normally cited before the Appeal Committee. 37. PUBLIC FUNDING AND LEGAL AID37.1 The House of Lords does not grant public funding or legal aid. In criminal proceedings, depending on the route of appeal, application should be made to the court appealed from or, in Northern Ireland, to the Legal Aid Committee. 37.2 Where an application for public funding/legal aid has been made but not determined within the statutory periods set out in direction 3 (for petitions for leave to appeal) or the three months stipulated by Standing Order I (for petitions of appeal), the Judicial Office and the respondents to the proposed petition should be notified of the application for funding. Notification of the application for funding must be given far enough before the expiry of the original time limits to allow the Judicial Office to take the necessary steps to keep the petition or the appeal (as the case may be) from being dismissed as being out of time. A copy of the order appealed from must be submitted by the applicant with the notification. The period within which the petition for leave to appeal or petition of appeal (as the case may be) must be lodged is then extended by the original statutory period63 from the date of the final determination of the funding application. An extension may not be granted to a petitioner under the Extradition Act 200364. 37.3 Where public funding/legal aid has been applied for after the lodgment of a petition of appeal but not determined, the six weeks' period in which the Statement of facts and issues must be lodged is automatically extended to six weeks after the legal aid application has been determined, provided the Judicial Office has been informed of the application. 37.4 A party to whom a funding certificate is issued must as soon as possible thereafter lodge a copy in the Judicial Office. Any emergency certificate and subsequent amendments, and the authority for leading counsel, must also be lodged. 37.5 Where a funding certificate is granted, the date of issue of the certificate is the date of final determination for the purpose of time limits. 38. SPECIALIST ADVISERS38.1 Any party to an appeal may apply in writing to the Head of the Judicial Office for Specialist Advisers to attend the hearing65. Such advisers provide assistance to the Appellate Committee and are strictly independent of the parties to the appeal. 39. STAY OF EXECUTION39.1 Presentation of a petition of appeal or a petition for leave to appeal does not in itself place a stay of execution on any order appealed from. A party seeking such a stay must apply to the court appealed from, not to the House of Lords. 40. TRANSCRIPTION40.1 Transcriptions are not made of hearings before the Appellate Committee. Any party may seek permission to arrange for its own transcription of a hearing, by writing to the Head of the Judicial Office. Permission is usually given. The service arranged must be silent. A single copy of the transcript should be lodged in the Judicial Office. 41. VICTIMS' CODE OF PRACTICE41.1 The Victims' Code of Practice governs the services to be provided in England and Wales to victims of criminal conduct that has occurred in England and Wales. The Code is issued by the Home Secretary under s 32 of the Domestic Violence, Crime and Victims Act 2004. The House of Lords applies the Code to its judicial function. 41.2 Accordingly, all applications for permission to appeal and all appeals are examined to establish whether a victim can be identified and, if so, to determine what services are required to be provided to the victim by the Judicial Office. 41.3 In giving effect to direction 41.2 the Judicial Office may consult the Treasury Solicitor, the Court of Appeal Criminal Division and other relevant persons to obtain any necessary information. 41.4 The Judicial Office may either directly or through the joint police/CPS Witness Care Units contact victims to inform them that an application for permission to appeal or an appeal has been filed, to explain the appeals procedure, and to report progress on the application and/or appeal, including the date set for the hearing. 41.5 Victims may attend the hearing of an appeal or application for leave to appeal or the handing down of judgment. The Judicial Office arranges such attendance and provides the case papers. 41.6 If leave to appeal is granted by an Appeal Committee, the Judicial Office notifies the joint police/CPS Witness Care Units no later than one working day after the day on which leave to appeal has been granted. 41.7 The Judicial Office notifies the joint police/CPS Witness Care Units of the result of the appeal no later than one working day after the day of the result. 42. WITHDRAWAL OF PETITIONSPetitions for leave to appeal42.1 A petition for leave to appeal may be withdrawn by writing to the Head of the Judicial Office, stating that the parties to the petition have agreed how the costs should be settled. The respondents should notify the Judicial Office of their agreement. Petitions of appeal42.2 An appeal that has not been set down for hearing may be withdrawn by writing to the Head of the Judicial Office, stating that the parties to the appeal have agreed the costs of the appeal. The nature of the agreement should be indicated. Written notification must also be given to the respondents who must notify the Judicial Office of their agreement to the withdrawal of the appeal and who must confirm that the costs have been agreed. 42.3 An appeal that has been set down for hearing may only be withdrawn by order of the House on petition. Such a petition should include submissions on costs. The petition must be submitted for their consent to those respondents who have entered appearance66. STATEMENTS TO THE HOUSE JUDICIAL PRECEDENT 26 July 1966BY THE LORD CHANCELLOR (LORD GARDINER) 'Before judgments are delivered today, I wish to make the following statement on behalf of myself and the Lords of Appeal in Ordinary: "Their Lordships regard the use of precedent as an indispensable foundation upon which to decide what is the law and its application to individual cases. It provides at least some degree of certainty upon which individuals can rely in the conduct of their affairs, as well as a basis for orderly development of legal rules. "Their Lordships nevertheless recognise that too rigid adherence to precedent may lead to injustice in a particular case and also unduly restrict the proper development of the law. They propose therefore to modify their present practice and, while treating former decisions of this House as normally binding, to depart from a previous decision when it appears right to do so. "In this connection they will bear in mind the danger of disturbing retrospectively the basis on which contracts, settlements of property and fiscal arrangements have been entered into and also the especial need for certainty as to the criminal law. "This announcement is not intended to affect the use of precedent elsewhere than in this House."' ____________________________________ PRINCIPLES FOR PARTICIPATION 22 June 2000BY THE SENIOR LORD OF APPEAL IN ORDINARY (LORD BINGHAM OF CORNHILL)'My Lords, with the leave of the House, before the reports from the Appellate Committees are considered, I should like to make a statement on Recommendation 59 of the Royal Commission on the Reform of the House of Lords. That recommendation is that "The Lords of Appeal should set out in writing and publish a statement of the principles which they intend to observe when participating in debates and votes in the second chamber and when considering their eligibility to sit on related cases.". 'I should tell the House that my noble and learned friends have considered this recommendation and have agreed on the terms of a statement to give effect to it. I will now read the statement which has been agreed by all the Lords of Appeal in Ordinary: General Principles "As full members of the House of Lords the Lords of Appeal in Ordinary have a right to participate in the business of the House. However, mindful of their judicial role they consider themselves bound by two general principles when deciding whether to participate in a particular matter, or to vote: first, the Lords of Appeal in Ordinary do not think it appropriate to engage in matters where there is a strong element of party political controversy; and secondly the Lords of Appeal in Ordinary bear in mind that they may render themselves ineligible to sit judicially if they were to express an opinion on a matter which might later be relevant to an appeal to the House. "The Lords of Appeal in Ordinary will continue to be guided by these broad principles. They stress that it is impossible to frame rules which cover every eventuality. In the end it must be for the judgment of each individual Lord of Appeal to decide how to conduct himself in any particular situation. Eligibility "In deciding who is eligible to sit on an appeal, the Lords of Appeal agree to be guided by the same principles as apply to all judges. These principles were restated by the Court of Appeal in the case of Locabail (UK) Ltd v. Bayfield Properties Ltd and others and four other actions [2000 1 All E.R. 65 (CA)]." 'My Lords, that concludes the statement.' STANDING ORDERSSTANDING ORDER NO. 17 OF THE HOUSE OF LORDS RELATING TO PUBLIC BUSINESS
STANDING ORDER NO. 87 OF THE HOUSE OF LORDS RELATING TO PUBLIC BUSINESS
STANDING ORDERS OF THE HOUSE OF LORDS REGULATING JUDICIAL BUSINESS, MADE IN PURSUANCE OF THE APPELLATE JURISDICTION ACT 1876 AND SUBSEQUENT ENACTMENTS.The following Standing Orders regulating judicial business are not fully applied to criminal appeals because the right to bring such appeals is established and regulated by statute67. Parties are instead bound by the provisions of the statute by whose authority they petition the House. However it is recommended that parties should follow the Standing Orders wherever possible. The dates (round bracketed) are those of the original Standing Orders prior to 1876. The dates [square bracketed] are those of the original Standing Orders made in pursuance of the Appellate Jurisdiction Act 1876. The dates unbracketed are those of subsequent amendments. APPENDIX A: Standard forms of key documents FORM 1 PETITION for leave to appeal(HL direction 4) IN THE HOUSE OF LORDS ON APPEAL FROM HER MAJESTY'S COURT OF APPEAL CRIMINAL DIVISION (ENGLAND) [or A DIVISIONAL COURT OF THE QUEEN'S BENCH DIVISION OF HER MAJESTY'S HIGH COURT OF JUSTICE or HER MAJESTY'S COURT OF APPEAL IN NORTHERN IRELAND (or relevant court)] Court of Appeal Ref: (for example, 200406398 D5) Neutral citation of judgment appealed against: (eg, [2004] EWCA Crim 3847) BETWEEN AB (Respondent) and CD (Petitioners) [and] [(2) EF] [and] [(3) GH] PETITION FOR LEAVE TO APPEAL TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE THE HOUSE OF LORDS THE HUMBLE PETITION OF (set out full name(s) and address(es) of petitioners) PRAYING FOR LEAVE TO APPEAL IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE CRIMINAL APPEAL ACT 1968 or ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE ACT 1960 (or relevant statute) SHOWS -
[Note: it is usually appropriate for petitions for leave to appeal to deal with some or all of the following: 1. Narrative of the facts; 2. Statutory framework (if any); 3. Chronology of proceedings; 4. Orders made in the courts below; 5. Issues before Court of Appeal Criminal Division (or court appealed from); 6. Treatment of the issues by Court of Appeal Criminal Division (or court appealed from); 7. Issues in the petition for leave to appeal.] [At end of numbered paragraphs insert] YOUR PETITIONER(S) HUMBLY SUBMIT(S) that leave to appeal to Your Lordships' House should be granted for the following among other REASONS [list here numbered reasons summarising the arguments]
AND YOUR PETITIONER(S) WILL EVER PRAY Signed .................. Signature of petitioner or agent(s) for the petitioner [Use Form 2 for certificate of service to be endorsed on back of last page of petition for leave to appeal] FORM 2 BACK OF PETITION for leave to appeal showing certificate of service to be endorsed on back of last page of original petition
IN THE HOUSE OF LORDS ON APPEAL FROM HER MAJESTY'S COURT OF APPEAL CRIMINAL DIVISION (ENGLAND) [or A DIVISIONAL COURT OF THE QUEEN'S BENCH DIVISION OF HER MAJESTY'S HIGH COURT OF JUSTICE or HER MAJESTY'S COURT OF APPEAL IN NORTHERN IRELAND (or relevant court)] Court of Appeal Ref: (for example, 200406398 D5) Neutral citation of judgment appealed against: (eg, [2004] EWCA Crim 3847) BETWEEN AB (Respondent) and CD (Petitioners) [and] [(2) EF] [and] [(3) GH] PETITION FOR LEAVE TO APPEAL TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE THE HOUSE OF LORDS THE HUMBLE PETITION OF (set out full name(s) and address(es) of petitioners) PRAYING FOR AN EXTENSION OF TIME WITHIN WHICH THE PETITION MAY BE LODGED AND PRAYING FOR LEAVE TO APPEAL IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE CRIMINAL APPEAL ACT 1968 or ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE ACT 1960 (or relevant statute) SHOWS -
2. That ......(continue as in Form 1, setting out briefly in numbered paragraphs such facts and arguments as may be necessary to enable the Appeal Committee to decide whether to give leave to appeal out of time). 3. .................. 4. ...................etc. Note: it is usually appropriate for petitions for leave to appeal to deal with some or all of the following: 1. Narrative of the facts; 2. Statutory framework (if any); 3. Chronology of proceedings; 4. Orders made in the courts below; 5. Issues before Court of Appeal (or court appealed from); 6. Treatment of the issues by Court of Appeal (or court appealed from); 7. Issues in the petition for leave to appeal. [At end of numbered paragraphs insert] YOUR PETITIONER(S) HUMBLY SUBMIT(S) that leave to appeal to Your Lordships' House should be granted for the following among other REASONS [list here numbered reasons summarising the arguments]
AND YOUR PETITIONER(S) WILL EVER PRAY Signed .................. Signature of petitioner or agent(s) for the petitioner [Use Form 2 for certificate of service to be endorsed on back of last page of petition for leave to appeal out of time] FORM 4 PETITION OF APPEAL (HL direction 10)IN THE HOUSE OF LORDS ON APPEAL FROM HER MAJESTY'S COURT OF APPEAL CRIMINAL DIVISION (ENGLAND) [or A DIVISIONAL COURT OF THE QUEEN'S BENCH DIVISION OF HER MAJESTY'S HIGH COURT OF JUSTICE or HER MAJESTY'S COURT OF APPEAL IN NORTHERN IRELAND (or relevant court)] BETWEEN AB (Respondents) and CD (Appellants) [and] [(2) EF] [and] [(3) GH] PETITION OF APPEAL TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE THE HOUSE OF LORDS THE HUMBLE PETITION AND APPEAL OF [set out full name(s) and address(es) of appellants] YOUR PETITIONER(S) has/have pursuant to [section 1 of the Administration of Justice Act 1960 or section 33 of the Criminal Appeal Act 1968 (or other relevant statute)] obtained the certificate of [name court below] set forth in the Schedule hereto that the decision of that court involves a point of law of general public importance. YOUR PETITIONER(S) humbly pray(s) that the matter of the Order(s) set forth in the Schedule(s) hereto [if Order is partly appealed against, insert the words: so far as therein stated to be appealed against] may be reviewed before Her Majesty the Queen, in Her Court of Parliament, and that the said Order(s) [if Order is partly appealed against, insert the words: so far as aforesaid] may be reversed, varied or altered [if appropriate, insert the words: in accordance with the Human Rights Act 1998], [if specific relief is asked for, it should be so stated, prefaced by the words: and that] or that the petitioner(s) may have such other relief in the premises as to Her Majesty the Queen, in Her Court of Parliament, may seem meet. [signature(s) of appellant(s) or their agents, as appropriate].THE SCHEDULE REFERRED TO ABOVE FROM HER MAJESTY'S COURT OF APPEAL CRIMINAL DIVISION (ENGLAND) (or relevant court) FIRST SCHEDULE In a certain criminal cause or matter wherein (insert name(s)) was/were the Prosecutor [or other designation] and (insert name(s)) was/were the defendant(s) [or other designation]. The Order(s) of [state court] of [date] appealed from is/are in the words following, the portion(s) complained of being underlined: [Set out here the whole of the order(s), with those parts complained of (and only those parts) underlined. The recital, the certified point of law and any decision on an application for leave to appeal to the House of Lords should be included but not underlined.] [Where a point of law was not certified originally but later by a subsequent order of the court, the words 'FIRST SCHEDULE' should appear where indicated above and the following added: SECOND SCHEDULE The Order of [state court] of [date], by which that court certified that a point of law of general public importance was involved in its decision and granted/refused leave to appeal, is in the words following: [Set out here the whole of the order, including the recital] [Then, at end add: Either By an order of (date) the (name of court below) gave your petitioner(s) leave to appeal to Your Lordships' House from the said decision. or The Appeal Committee of Your Lordships' House on (date) gave your petitioner(s) leave to appeal against the said decision.] FORM 5 BACK OF PETITION OF APPEAL, showing certificate of service to be endorsed on original petition
IN THE HOUSE OF LORDS ON APPEAL FROM HER MAJESTY'S COURT OF APPEAL CRIMINAL DIVISION (ENGLAND) (or relevant court) BETWEEN: (set out title of appeal) TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE THE HOUSE OF LORDS THE HUMBLE PETITION OF (set out full name(s) of appellant(s)) SHOWS - That your petitioner(s) presented a petition of appeal on (date) complaining of an Order of the (state court) dated (date). That the time allowed by standing order VI for the appellant(s) to lodge the statement and appendix and to set down the cause for hearing [will expire or originally expired] on (date). [That the House, pursuant to a petition from the appellant(s), granted an extension of time in which to lodge the statement and the appendix and set down the cause for hearing to (date).] [That the House, pursuant to a further petition from the appellant(s), granted a second extension of time until (date).] That the petitioner(s) will be unable to lodge the statement and appendix by the said date for the following reasons: (set out brief reasons) THEREFORE YOUR PETITIONER(S) HUMBLY PRAY(S) That Your Lordships will be pleased to grant an extension of time until (date) to lodge the statement and appendix and set down the cause for hearing. And your petitioner(s) will ever pray. (signature of appellant(s) or their agents)[Agents for the] Appellant(s) (set out here name and address of appellant(s) or theiragents)[I or We] consent to the prayer of the above petition.
FORM 7 PETITION FOR CONSOLIDATION OR CONJOINDER (HL direction 28)IN THE HOUSE OF LORDS ON APPEAL FROM HER MAJESTY'S COURT OF APPEAL CRIMINAL DIVISION (ENGLAND) (or relevant court) (set out title of first appeal) AND (set out title of second appeal) TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE THE HOUSE OF LORDS THE HUMBLE PETITION OF (set out full name(s) of appellant(s) SHOWS That your petitioner(s) presented [a] petition(s) of appeal on (date) complaining of (an) Order(s) of the (name relevant court below) dated (date). That your petitioner(s) (name appellant(s) in other appeal(s), if different) presented [a] petition(s) of appeal on (date) complaining of [an] Order(s) of the (name relevant court below) dated (date). That the same matters of law are raised in each of the appeals [and that the appeals of (name relevant parties) to (name relevant court below) were heard and argued together and one Judgment was delivered in respect of the [two] appeals]. That it is expedient that your petitioners' said appeals be [consolidated or conjoined]. YOUR PETITIONERS THEREFORE HUMBLY PRAY [Consolidation:
[Conjoinder:
IN THE HOUSE OF LORDS ON APPEAL FROM HER MAJESTY'S COURT OF APPEAL CRIMINAL DIVISION (ENGLAND) (or relevant court)) BETWEEN: (set out title of appeal) TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE THE HOUSE OF LORDS THE HUMBLE PETITION OF (set out full name(s) of prospective intervener(s)) PRAYING FOR LEAVE TO INTERVENE SHOWS 1. That on (date) (set out full name(s) of appellant(s)) presented a petition of appeal to your Lordships' House, complaining of an Order of the (state court) dated (date). 2. That your petitioner(s) seek(s) your Lordships' leave to present written [add, if appropriate, the words: and oral] submissions in intervention in the said appeal. 3. That (set out briefly in numbered paragraphs such facts and arguments as may be necessary to enable the Appeal Committee to report to the House whether leave to intervene should be granted). YOUR PETITIONER(S) HUMBLY SUBMIT(S) that leave to intervene in the said appeal should be granted for the following among other REASONS (give numbered reasons summarising the arguments) And your petitioner(s) will ever pray. (signature of petitioner(s) or their agents)[Agents for the] Petitioner(s) (set out herename and address of petitioner(s) or theiragents)[I or We] consent to the prayer of the above petition. (signature of appellant(s) or their agents)
[Agents for the] Appellant(s) (set out herename and address of appellant(s) or theiragents)[I or We] consent to the prayer of the above petition.
(signature of respondent(s) or their agents) [Agents for the] Respondent(s) (set out herename and address of respondent(s) or theiragents)FORM 9 BACK OF PETITION for leave to intervene, showing certificate of service to be endorsed on original petition
IN THE HOUSE OF LORDS ON APPEAL FROM HER MAJESTY'S COURT OF APPEAL CRIMINAL DIVISION (ENGLAND) (or relevant court) BETWEEN: AB (Appellant(s)) and CD (Respondent(s)) TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE THE HOUSE OF LORDS THE HUMBLE PETITION OF AB SHOWS - That your petitioner(s) presented a Petition of Appeal on (date) complaining of an Order of the [Court of Appeal Criminal Division or relevant court] dated (date). That the time allowed by Standing Order VI for the appellant(s) to lodge the Statement of facts and issues and the Appendix and to set down the cause for hearing expired on the (date). That your petitioner(s) has/have been unable to lodge their Statement and the Appendix by the said date for the following reasons: (set out reasons). YOUR PETITIONER(S) THEREFORE HUMBLY PRAY(S) that your Lordships will be pleased to order that their appeal be restored and to grant them an extension of time until (date) to lodge the Statement and the Appendix and to set down the cause for hearing. And your petitioner(s) will ever pray. (signature of appellant(s) or their agents)[Agents for the] Appellant(s) (set out here name and address of appellant(s) or theiragents)[I or We] consent to the prayer of the above petition.
We consent to the prayer of the above petition. (signature) Respondent(s)/Agents for the respondent(s) FORM 12 APPLICATION to set down cause for hearing (HL direction 15)IN THE HOUSE OF LORDS ON APPEAL FROM HER MAJESTY'S COURT OF APPEAL CRIMINAL DIVISION (ENGLAND) (or relevant court) BETWEEN: AB Appellant(s) and
CD Respondent(s) The appellant(s) having lodged a Statement of facts and issues and the Appendix thereto pursuant to order of the House, My Lords, Please to move, That this cause be set down for hearing after those causes already appointed. (signature of appellant(s) or their agents)
Appellant/Agents for the appellant (set out name and address ofappellant(s) or their agent)FORM 13 FORM OF COVER for Bound Volume (on red card) IN THE HOUSE OF LORDSON APPEAL FROM HER MAJESTY'S COURT OF APPEAL CRIMINAL DIVISION (ENGLAND) (or relevant court) BETWEEN: (set out title of appeal)
FORM 13A FORM OF COVER for Appendix (on red card) IN THE HOUSE OF LORDS ON APPEAL FROM HER MAJESTY'S COURT OF APPEAL CRIMINAL DIVISION (ENGLAND) (or relevant court) BETWEEN:
ON APPEAL FROM HER MAJESTY'S COURT OF APPEAL CRIMINAL DIVISION (ENGLAND) (or relevant court) BETWEEN:
IN THE HOUSE OF LORDS ON APPEAL FROM HER MAJESTY'S COURT OF APPEAL CRIMINAL DIVISION (ENGLAND) (or relevant court) BETWEEN: AB Appellant(s) and CD Respondent(s) TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE THE HOUSE OF LORDS THE HUMBLE PETITION OF the Appellant(s) shows - That your petitioner(s) presented a Petition of Appeal on (date) complaining of an Order of the Court of Appeal Criminal Division (or relevant court) dated (date). That your petitioner'(s)(s') appeal was set down for hearing before your Lordships' House on (date). That your petitioner(s) and the respondent(s) have agreed to terms of settlement of all matters in dispute between them, as follows: 1. That your petitioner(s) and the respondent(s) should join in making an application to your Lordships' House for leave that your petitioner'(s)(s') appeal might be withdrawn; and 2. That (set out terms of agreement). YOUR PETITIONER(S) THEREFORE HUMBLY PRAY(S) that your Lordships will be pleased to order that: (1) your petitioner'(s)(s') appeal be withdrawn; (2) (state costs order sought, to dispose of appeal) And your petitioner(s) will ever pray. (signature) Agents for the appellant(s) APPENDIX B LIST OF AUTHORITIES KEPT IN HOUSE OF LORDS LIBRARY(see direction 18.7) The House of Lords Library keeps the following authorities:
APPENDIX C FEES AND SECURITY MONEYJUDICIAL FEES(1) JUDICIAL FEESNo fee is payable in a criminal cause or matter. (2) TAXING FEEThe fees payable upon the sums allowed by the Taxing Officer are as follows:
(27 July 200068) The fees payable on the withdrawal of a bill of costs (subject to written confirmation of the withdrawal from both parties to the taxation) are as follows:
(27 July 200069) Drafts and cheques for taxing fees are payable to 'House of Lords Account'. (3) SECURITY MONEYNo security for costs is taken in criminal causes. APPENDIX D AMENDMENTS OF PREVIOUS EDITION OF PRACTICE DIRECTIONS
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