UNCORRECTED TRANSCRIPT OF ORAL EVIDENCE To be published as HC 58-i

House of COMMONS

MINUTES OF EVIDENCE

TAKEN BEFORE

WELSH AFFAIRS committee

 

 

THE PROVISION OF CROSS-BORDER PUBLIC SERVICES FOR WALES

 

 

Tuesday 9 December 2008

MR STEVE HODGETTS, MR BOB LONGWORTH and MR MARTIN EVANS

Evidence heard in Public Questions 1454 - 1583

 

 

USE OF THE TRANSCRIPT

1.

This is an uncorrected transcript of evidence taken in public and reported to the House. The transcript has been placed on the internet on the authority of the Committee, and copies have been made available by the Vote Office for the use of Members and others.

 

2.

Any public use of, or reference to, the contents should make clear that neither witnesses nor Members have had the opportunity to correct the record. The transcript is not yet an approved formal record of these proceedings.

 

3.

Members who receive this for the purpose of correcting questions addressed by them to witnesses are asked to send corrections to the Committee Assistant.

 

4.

Prospective witnesses may receive this in preparation for any written or oral evidence they may in due course give to the Committee.

 

5.

Transcribed by the Official Shorthand Writers to the Houses of Parliament:

W B Gurney & Sons LLP, Hope House, 45 Great Peter Street, London, SW1P 3LT

Telephone Number: 020 7233 1935

 


Oral Evidence

Taken before the Welsh Affairs Committee

on Tuesday 9 December 2008

Members present

Dr Hywel Francis, in the Chair

Mr David Jones

Alun Michael

Mark Pritchard

________________

Memoranda submitted by Cardiff International Airport, Manchester Airport and University of Glamorgan

 

Examination of Witnesses

 

Witnesses: Mr Steve Hodgetts, Business Development Director, Cardiff International Airport, Mr Bob Longworth, Ground Transport Manager, Manchester Airport and Mr Martin Evans, External Research Fellow, Wales Transport Research Centre, University of Glamorgan, gave evidence.

Q1454 Chairman: Good morning, bore da. Welcome to the Welsh Affairs Committee. Thank you for your attendance and for your helpful memoranda. Could you please introduce yourselves for the record, please?

Mr Hodgetts: I am Steve Hodgetts; I am Business Development Director for Cardiff International Airport.

Mr Longworth: I am Bob Longworth, Ground Transport Manager for Manchester Airport.

Mr Evans: Martin Evans, External Research Fellow of the Wales Transport Research Centre of the University of Glamorgan.

Q1455 Chairman: Mr Evans, could I begin with you to begin with, with a somewhat introspective and fortress Wales kind of question. What efforts are being taken, by government or other bodies, to ensure that there are more people from Wales travelling from within Wales, say from Cardiff International Airport, rather than travelling to places like Birmingham, Manchester, Liverpool and Bristol?

Mr Evans: You have mentioned South Wales. Also a lot of people travel from North Wales to airports in England, primarily Manchester and Liverpool, and they do not have an awful lot of choice because that is really the only major airport that is available to them. South Wales, yes, more people from the catchment of Cardiff Airport travel from an airport outside of Wales, so that is Bristol, Heathrow and Gatwick. The difficulty here is that passengers are attracted to the airports that offer them the greatest choice of routes and the greatest frequency on those routes. So really when you talk about how can we attract passengers back to Cardiff Airport, it is not a case of attracting passengers it is a case of attracting airlines who will then provide the routes that those passengers need.

Q1456 Chairman: In that context is there such a thing as a UK-wide aviation strategy as far as Wales is concerned? What part do Wales play in that?

Mr Evans: Aviation policy is not devolved, so that is a UK government responsibility. The power that the Welsh Assembly Government has is to give financial assistance to air transport services in Wales and that was enshrined in the Transport Wales Act of 2006. So far that power has been used in two ways: one to set up the intra-Wales air route from Cardiff to Anglesey, so that is an internal air service; and there was a study done of internal air services and their potential and the various airports in Wales before that route was set up. I think where the work is stopped is that they then have not gone on to look at external connectivity and to see how Wales connects up with the outside world and what can be done to improve those links. There has been a route development fund, which is the second policy area that has been looked at by the Assembly Government, and that followed on from the success of route development funds in Scotland and Northern Ireland. But the route development fund in Wales was very late compared with those route development funds; there have been changes to the amount of support that can be given through route development, and so that has not had the success that we have seen elsewhere in the United Kingdom.

Q1457 Mr Jones: Just to develop that point on route development funds, have you seen the memorandum that this Committee has received from Bristol International Airport?

Mr Evans: No, I have not.

Q1458 Mr Jones: Bristol - and I guess of course that they are coming at the problem from a particular angle - have been quite scathing about route development funds and I will quote what they say. They say that route development funds have been used to support air services in the recent past between Cardiff and Manchester to Barcelona and Brussels. "These services did not prove to be sustainable and our view is that this is not good use of public money particularly when good services to these destinations are available from Bristol International." They go on to say: "Route development funds distort the market without any guarantee of success for airline or airport and they have a detrimental effect on services from nearby competing airports. We do not support intervention in the market to support route development." What would your observations be on that particular point made by Bristol?

Mr Evans: The difficulty occurred because Wales was so late in setting up its route development fund, and I think they are quite right that at least one route was supported that should not have been, and that is Barcelona because obviously that is a route that would have a large number of outbound passengers rather than attracting inbound passengers, which is what the route development fund should do. It did support the route to Paris - I think that was a very necessary route from Cardiff Airport, and I think that was right that that should be supported. But the way that route development funds should be used should not persuade airlines to undertake new routes that they would not otherwise undertake; it should be routes that the airlines are already looking at in their forward programme of new routes that they want to develop, and it just persuades them to bring the investment that little bit sooner than they would otherwise have done.

Q1459 Mr Jones: Do either Bristol or Liverpool, which is a rapidly expanding airport, have access to route development funds?

Mr Evans: No, the route development funds have been operating in the devolved administrations, so Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, not in the English regions.

Q1460 Mr Jones: So why are those airports able to expand so rapidly and successfully when Cardiff appears to be stagnating?

Mr Evans: The whole point of a route development fund is that it should be targeted at those peripheral and remote areas that need connectivity but otherwise have difficulty getting market solutions to bring forward that investment. Liverpool and Bristol have - certainly in Bristol's case - a much bigger market than Cardiff Airport, and certainly the important thing is much better demographics, because it is important what the income levels of the population are as well as the numbers of population if air routes are to be successful.

Q1461 Mr Jones: How will Cardiff compare, for example, with Liverpool in terms of demographics because I would not have thought that Liverpool was a particularly moneyed area?

Mr Evans: Yes, but it does have a very large catchment area and so it can draw on that large catchment area, and if you are talking about an airport such as Liverpool that has a large number of low cost services, as soon as you bring fare levels down you actually expand the catchment area because people are more prepared to travel to that airport.

Q1462 Mark Pritchard: I want to try to understand the process for today, and I sit on the Transport Select Committee as well. Is there anything, Mr Hodgetts and Mr Longworth, you think might be asked today that might be above your pay grade and just the Chief Executive would have to answer?

Mr Hodgetts: No.

Mr Longworth: I am here to answer questions on transport as my speciality. I am not as well versed as colleagues on either side of me on the route development funds so I may have to defer some of those questions. I think it is a question of distinguishing between pay grade and working knowledge.

Q1463 Mark Pritchard: I am trying to understand why you are both here and I am grateful that you are here, unlike certain representatives from Birmingham who were not prepared to come along, although that is going to change. So I am grateful for that and I am just trying to understand why it is not the Chief Executives of your respective airports standing in front of us today.

Mr Longworth: I deal with surface access and it is my speciality within the airport, so on this occasion the Chief Executive asked us to respond to the Committee, wanted that to happen and I drafted that response and it was felt appropriate because of my knowledge on the subject and now I have come along to the Committee today.

Mr Hodgetts: For me, I have full responsibility for route development and work with stakeholder authorities, including the Welsh Assembly Government, and I wrote the paper for the Committee today; so I am perceived to be the expert with what I say.

Q1464 Mark Pritchard: I am very grateful for that clarification. Is there something that the Welsh Assembly Government is not doing that it could do which would assist you in developing Cardiff; or is there something that they are doing that is not helping to develop Cardiff?

Mr Hodgetts: We have a good working relationship with the Welsh Assembly Government but we find that their approach can be somewhat delayed and un-businesslike at times. The late arrival of the route development fund meant that it came in post changes to European Union rules when a lot of the benefit of flexibility that Scotland and Northern Ireland had enjoyed had actually dissipated. So that hamstrung the ability of the route development fund to work. We see far more evidence of support from tourism bodies such as Visit Wales and equivalent elsewhere in the UK in European regions and we would like to see the Welsh Assembly Government emulate the best practices we see elsewhere. We have a dialogue going on at present with them and we had a further meeting with them last week to push forward that agenda still. The One Wales agenda seeks to improve Wales' connectivity for both economic and transport reasons and obviously we support that. If that objective is to be achieved and the majority of air services to be served within Wales - and we appreciate the competitor airports' position on this - then there will need to be support to defray the impact of market conditions. Bristol has a significantly greater population, as has been said; significantly higher GVA and disposable income. Those are attractive conditions for airlines. Bristol also has critical mass, as it is known in the airline industry, whereby once services develop airlines do tend to conglomerate into that airport - they feel that the market is safe, they feel that there is less risk attached to that. We need to defray those risks to make Cardiff Airport development as quickly as the stakeholders would wish.

Q1465 Alun Michael: Coming straight out of that, can you indicate what Cardiff Airport is doing in order to increase the range of services available and to deal with those confidence issues?

Mr Hodgetts: We have a full time route development team. My route development manager was in Germany yesterday talking to an airline again about German routes, which is high on both our and the Assembly's agenda. We offer incentives, as do all airports, to new routes; we work with the route development fund as far as that is possible to support new routes as well.

Q1466 Alun Michael: You said earlier in your first response that it is a question of attracting airlines rather than attracting passengers. Is it also a question of attracting airlines rather than specific destinations, or is it the question of which destinations are developed in relation to Cardiff a significant issue?

Mr Hodgetts: We would prefer to develop a range of destinations which meets other stakeholder needs, in particular business needs. Germany is a high priority for us because there is a large amount of German business within Wales. We have chosen to take a path which tried to identify operations that would provide those services rather than take on a significant single low cost carrier, which may not provide a full range of services. That policy is under constant review though.

Q1467 Alun Michael: To what extent is that a recent development? There is always the tension, is there not, between low cost users of the airport and scheduled flights. I may be wrong but I get the impression that the policy over the years has shifted one way or the other from time to time.

Mr Hodgetts: It has and that has been a response to the market changes as well. I think we are seeing yet a further consolidation of airlines which is reducing choice in particular. Cardiff has only one hub and spoke operation whereby you can connect around the world, and that is through Amsterdam. That is currently about 10% of our traffic and within that 10% 70% will be connecting elsewhere. We need further connections both within Europe and further afield. That has been a high priority for us, to attract a legacy carrier, as they are now known, such as Lufthansa.

Q1468 Alun Michael: Does it surprise you that it is as low as 10%?

Mr Hodgetts: It is not surprising given the airline mix we have. What has been particularly surprising has been the reluctance of other European flag carriers such as Air France and Lufthansa to consider Wales to be a distinct market.

Q1469 Alun Michael: Why do you think they are so reluctant?

Mr Hodgetts: I think they do not perceive the strength of the devolved authority and the distinct cultural identity that comes within Wales. Particularly Lufthansa see a federal Germany as being essentially identity being based around Germany and they still see that about the UK. Lufthansa went into Bristol on the back of what they perceived to be a much more mature market and a more attractive market. We have struggled, even with Welsh Assembly support, to engage with them; hence we are talking to other German airlines at the present time.

Q1470 Alun Michael: Perhaps this is broader to yourself and to Mr Evans, but what estimate is there of how much M4 traffic could be removed if Cardiff served more destinations?

Mr Hodgetts: We know that of the lost traffic Heathrow attracts 31% of that traffic. We know that within that traffic the majority is to European destinations, not to long haul destinations. In theory the majority of that traffic could return to Cardiff if the network and the frequency were ideal. To put it as a minor occurrence this year we introduced further capacity on Newcastle, Edinburgh and Glasgow with Flybe and we saw a commensurate drop in traffic on Easyjet out of Bristol. So we know that the Welsh market is essentially loyal to Cardiff if they get the chance.

Q1471 Alun Michael: So it is a question of creating the chance.

Mr Hodgetts: Creating the chance.

Q1472 Chairman: Mr Evans, you wanted to say something.

Mr Evans: Yes, I just wanted to point out how successful some English regions have been - some English regions that have equally poor demographics, as does Wales, in attracting new airlines and new routes, particularly Newcastle. They have done this by focusing on the inbound passenger rather than the outbound market; so I think there is definitely a message and that message probably can only be put out by government to say, "Come and visit Wales, this is somewhere to do business, this is somewhere to come for tourism opportunities" and I think the example is from elsewhere of regional development agencies working with their airports to send out that message and to support new routes after they have started. You can see just in the news press releases from other regions that there are always joint press releases between the airport and the local regional development agency to show that they are working together and that everybody is going to support an airline if it decides to start a new route.

Q1473 Alun Michael: Mr Evans, I was going to turn to you anyway on some of your comments, but just on that one - because we do not have a regional development agency or the Welsh Development Agency any more so it is in-house activity by the Assembly - can you place it in that context?

Mr Evans: Yes, and I think that there may be a structural problem here in that development of new air routes lies within the Department for Transport in support of those routes in the Welsh Assembly Government, whereas of course economic development and Visit Wales have an equal interest and I think there need to be some new mechanisms to pull all those interested parts of government together to work together with the airport to develop new routes.

Q1474 Alun Michael: Apart from the question of the relationship with the Assembly, which you have now covered, you made some comments suggesting that Cardiff Airport is underperforming compared to other regional airports. Why is that?

Mr Evans: I think a lot of this comes down to history and of course when you have a new management at the airport they still have to cope with the history of what has occurred before, and the significant events I see are the original privatisation - and I do not think that the best model for that was used; the model that was used was just a straight sale, whereas the model that was used at Bristol was to bring in new investment, build a new terminal, put in extra capacity and say, "Right, we are ready for business - come along airlines" and that attracted a low cost airline Go which was taken over by Easyjet and really that fuelled the start of the growth at Bristol Airport. The second significant event was low cost airlines decided then to go to Cardiff and really the only one that was left was bmibaby, which has not performed in the same way as other low cost airlines in that it has not expanded at the same rate, it has not put in orders for large numbers of the new aircraft that could, because they are more efficient, lead to additional routes becoming viable.

Q1475 Alun Michael: That is very useful in outlining the history but the future is a more dangerous place. Accepting that we are where we are, how would you see those issues dealt with going forward?

Mr Evans: I feel that the way that Cardiff can try and catch up is only if the Welsh Assembly Government throws itself wholeheartedly into a partnership with the airport and says, "Right, we are all going to work together, all parts of government working with the airport to develop."

Q1476 Alun Michael: You have said that about the Welsh Assembly Government's responsibilities but I was asking you for your comments about the airport underperforming. How do we get it to perform to the level that would lead you not to make that comment?

Mr Evans: What the airport company itself needs to do is to send out - and you referred to it earlier - a persistent message about that they are prepared and ready for growth. So they have to have the capacity in the airport terminal, which they now have - they have put the capacity in there; they have to be able to operate on an efficient basis. There may be some deficiency issues around the operation of the airport terminal that still need to be addressed. They have to go out there and say, "Right, we are prepared to do deals with airlines" and they have to be consistent in that message.

Q1477 Alun Michael: Can we just look at a couple of other specifics then. You have both referred to decisions in relation to bmibaby and KLM, but why have neither of those developed more capacity at Cardiff Airport?

Mr Hodgetts: KLM have certain waves at Amsterdam that they serve. We currently have four flights a day with KLM, which means all the key outgoing waves of connection, so there is little point for them at the present time expanding.

Q1478 Alun Michael: So they are at capacity really?

Mr Hodgetts: They are at capacity. The aircraft size could increase, which is one of the questions that were placed upon them, but their fleet is currently most 70 and 100 seaters and so until they re-equip, which they are now doing with Embraer, we see very little chance for that to grow. But it is a high priority with us to bring additional aircraft capacity. We see that route as being capable of taking 130, 140 seater 737s for example, and we are trying to persuade KLM that that should be the case. In terms of bmibaby, bmibaby were developed as a defence mechanism of East Midlands to Easyjet's arrival into BMI's heartland. We have found that they have had an inconsistent strategy about the sort of low cost airline they would like to be. The low cost carriers who have prospered most - the Ryanairs, Easyjets and Flybes of this world - have had a very single-minded strategy, hence the reason I think the most significant event we have had in the last 12 months or so is to persuade Flybe to see Cardiff as part of that strategy. Flybe are now operating Paris for us, Belfast City and some domestic services and they have proved successful in those areas. We are working with them to try to persuade them to move into other areas in which their turbo prop fleet would work. Journeys under two hours - 90 minutes in particular - would work very well with their turbo prop fleet; they are extremely efficient and they are very cheap to operate. The recession at the moment has slowed those discussions, for obvious reasons. Airlines are very risk averse in the current climate but we are building with them to try and ensure that when the upturn happens - and hopefully it will be the third quarter of next year - then at that point we will be able to see further growth from Flybe, for example.

Q1479 Alun Michael: Thank you, that is very helpful. Can I ask one further question about specifics, which is why did Lufthansa and Continental choose to invest in Bristol rather than Cardiff?

Mr Hodgetts: That was simply market quality. They perceived Bristol to have a higher market quality than Cardiff. That was based around the population density and the GVA and personal disposable income that came in. Our view was that we had sufficient support from the Welsh Assembly Government in the Continental case to actually offer a very attractive package to Continental, but it was not significant enough to actually make that happen. Interestingly enough there were two aircraft on offer at that time - the other one moved to Belfast International and that was highly supported by the Northern Ireland Executive in the early years and has proved successful on that basis. Continental's route to Bristol took a time to settle simply because it was so close to Heathrow and there was a greater pull. We believe that carriers need to understand that Wales could have a distinct advantage in terms of inbound market. Wales is an easier selling tourist base as it is one of the Celtic nations and if Visit Wales get behind it properly we can see that. So to clarify a point that Martin made, where we have had support from Visit Wales - and Edinburgh springs to mind and Toronto is another good example - we have actually seen 50-50 in terms of origination from within Wales and from what we call the B end of the route, either Scotland or Canada. So we know it will work; what we need to see, as Martin has said, is it applied more consistently and frequently.

Q1480 Mark Pritchard: Mr Hodgetts, is it not a failure of the senior management team at Cardiff Airport to basically turn to the hard pressed Welsh taxpayer, to the Welsh Assembly Government and say, "We need your intervention, we need your support"? Should it not be that Cardiff needs to provide the right product and the right service not only to leisure passengers but also to business passengers so that the demand is there and therefore the investment follows that demand and you can increase the capacity that you say you want to see? Why should the taxpayer pay for it?

Mr Hodgetts: I would refute that the senior management has failed. The quality of the airport is well received by the customers that use it. The network capability is the problem. If we look at research that has been undertaken, particularly by UWIC we see that the reason that people do not use Cardiff is simply network; 60% say that the frequency or the destination is not available. Those that do use Cardiff have a high regard for it; they see it as a civilised airport with quite a human face to it. It is easy to get to, despite the perceived road problems - it is easy to access through. We have a duty to shareholders as well. Our investment needs in the airport range from the operational functions, such as radar which we are committing to for this year. We have extended the terminal at a cost of £17 million over the last three years. We have further space available to convert, which we have built in advance of demand, which shows the commitment of my board to the business. In order for us to support airlines to the extent that airlines are now claiming we have to accept that there would be other things that would have to go. We are facing increasing demands for funding of police, new security regulations which will come into effect about 30 metre blast zones - all these have impacts on the cash flows within our business.

Q1481 Mark Pritchard: First of all, the funding of police, that has not actually been decided, as you know. There is still a big question mark over that, so it is not accurate on reflection, you may say, to say that you are going to have to fund the police because that it is still to be decided. Just pursuing that point about state intervention or the taxpayer bail out, given that it is actually contrary to Bristol - Bristol does not believe in intervening in the market and says let the market decide and it clearly is providing a superior product and service than Cardiff at the moment because, as you have stated, you have just been losing business after business to Bristol. So I would say to Cardiff senior management that rather than to look to the taxpayer I would say look internally at the service and at the product and try and improve that in order that you can compete with Bristol.

Mr Hodgetts: We do not see any evidence from the airlines that the product that we offer in terms of the airport operation is defective in any way. The airlines and users have high on time departure, good punctuality; they have no complaints about the costs of operation at Cardiff. The difference between Bristol's success and Cardiff is due to market; market attractiveness has given Bristol an advantage that they have used splendidly and we will not deny that. However, if Wales wishes to serve its catchment area from within a Welsh airport then work has to be done to redress the situation we are in now. Had we started and acted equivalently throughout the last ten years then perhaps the position we are now in might be slightly different, but if One Wales is to be achieved and the thoughts about improved connectivity be achieved then we believe that is something that stakeholders will want to buy into.

Q1482 Mark Pritchard: A final question: can Cardiff catch up with Bristol and provide the level of service that you say it should provide and others expecting it to provide without basically Welsh taxpayers supporting Cardiff Airport?

Mr Hodgetts: It will take a lot longer; it will take a lot longer to achieve the critical mass of the network that the nation wants.

Q1483 Mark Pritchard: What is the level of funding we are talking about?

Mr Hodgetts: It would depend on the route network that has to be provided but typically you are talking seven figure sums for a long haul route, for example.

Q1484 Mark Pritchard: How many long haul routes do you want to put on, let us say in 2009, additional to compete with Bristol?

Mr Hodgetts: I think 2010 would be a lot more likely given the market conditions but there are two key long haul sectors that would work from Cardiff because they also have high connectivity, one of which is the eastern seaboard of the US where you could then connect further into the USA; the other one is somewhere in the Middle East where you could then connect on to Australasia, the Far East and the Indian sub-continent. Both those routes are currently seeing traffic leaking out of Wales that could support a daily operation.

Q1485 Mark Pritchard: So how much would that be, so that I am absolutely clear?

Mr Hodgetts: It would depend on what the airlines perceived the risk to be, but we will probably be talking a seven figure sum per year for each route.

Q1486 Mark Pritchard: How many routes - two, you say?

Mr Hodgetts: Two.

Q1487 Chairman: Mr Hodgetts, in your memorandum on page 10 you state that those who do use Cardiff International Airport cited the reasons for choice and preference and there are nine points there. They are not in any order; they are not ordered? Accessibility to the airport, number one.

Mr Hodgetts: They are in order of choice. Those are the key findings we had from the research. For those that use Cardiff Airport accessibility is perceived as pretty good.

Q1488 Chairman: Can we explore the meaning of that word "accessibility". Can we break it up into talking about disabled access? Did they ask questions about that?

Mr Hodgetts: No, we did not because this work was undertaken before the airports became primarily responsible for persons of reduced mobility. Having said that, our persons of reduced mobility scheme, which we introduced in July, was highly praised by Disability Wales and has so far handled over 6,500 users with high levels of positive feedback, and if the Committee would like I can provide further information on how that scheme has worked at Cardiff.

Q1489 Chairman: If you could provide that for us that would be very helpful.

Mr Hodgetts: Yes, I could.

Q1490 Mark Pritchard: On disability because UK airports generally have a bad record on disability issues. Notwithstanding your comments a moment ago, are you aware of any outstanding dialogue with disability groups, small, medium or large, which you could refer to in relation to disability access for Cardiff Airport?

Mr Hodgetts: We currently meet all the EU standards and we are working currently with the Royal National Institute for the Blind on bringing a guide dog scheme in in the new year, which we will be one of the smallest airports operating that scheme at that point. In terms of other accessibility, we were fully audited by Disability Wales prior to tendering before the PRM - Personal Reduced Mobility Act - came through and our airport received no significant criticisms of the way it operated, and since then it has, as I say, handled several thousand persons of reduced mobility with a high level of positive feedback.

Q1491 Mark Pritchard: Apart from the blind what is in the front of your mind on this issue, something that is not in place that you would like to see in place, and when will it be put in place.

Mr Hodgetts: We believe that based on the audit we have been given by Disability Wales we have a fully structured product for all categories of persons with reduced mobility - not just infirm, elderly, partially sighted, hard of hearing, for example. We also have a scheme that we run for those who are nervous fliers for which we use the team that we have handling persons of reduced mobility to deal with those because they are far more intuitive and aware of people's disability even on mental impairment grounds.

Q1492 Chairman: When Disability Wales makes observations on these matters presumably they follow a certain international criteria of standards? Because having travelled with a disabled person some 20 years ago, which is a long time ago, I was struck by the vast differences between this country, which was extremely poor, the rest of Europe, which was very poor and the United States which was quite outstanding. I think it is legislative differences between them, but are there international standards?

Mr Hodgetts: There are no internationally agreed standards across the whole of disabled handling and the EU scheme is actually seen as one of the best at the moment. The majority of standards that apply are on aircraft access and that comes out of IATA, particularly ICAO. The work that we did with Disability Wales was undertaken by one of their consultants who is wheelchair bound, Will Bee, who ---

Q1493 Chairman: Wheelchair users - you do not say wheelchair bound, you say wheelchair users.

Mr Hodgetts: Wheelchair users. My customer services manager will chastise me when I return for having failed again. On that again we made sure that the audit was quite rigorous. We wanted to be sure that the product we offered would fully meet the standards and, where possible, exceed the limited expectations that were in the Act. We believe that that has been achieved. We are continuing to work with users to get feedback on where we can improve and we have already placed more staff into the system at key points just to make sure that information is provided because we found that was a significant failing in the early weeks.

Q1494 Mr Jones: Mr Hodgetts, forgive me if this is a naïve question but looking at the list of routes that you have supplied in your memorandum you do not have any services to and from London.

Mr Hodgetts: No.

Q1495 Mr Jones: Is this not a major disadvantage because London, after all, is probably the major European hub and Heathrow is, I think, the principal world hub. Is that not a huge disadvantage to Cardiff?

Mr Hodgetts: Evidently not as Heathrow attracts 30% of the lost traffic and that user surface access means to achieve that. There is, by means of the high speed train between Cardiff and London, fairly easy access into Heathrow and we do see flows along that route. We also see flows along the route through Reading and then connecting to the train to Gatwick, for example, which shows that surface access is the key to this. We do not perceive that a route to Heathrow is a good use of our environmental benefits that we could have.

Q1496 Mr Jones: Could you repeat that? A good use of your environmental benefit?

Mr Hodgetts: The benefits that Cardiff could create if it would capture traffic would be to take out the surface access component of the journey or significantly shorten it. That would reduce some of the CO2 signature for the overall journey because you would not be making an extensive journey to another airport, particularly Heathrow, and we see that as an advantage we can provide, particularly if the providing support in terms of public transport improvement allows us to start to shift people out of cars into other modes. So we do see that as a benefit. In order for Heathrow to work you have to be able to connect into a significant number of flights. That would require probably four flights a day into Heathrow. It is unlikely that an airline is going to commit precious slots at Heathrow to a route from Cardiff when they know they can attract that traffic through surface means.

Q1497 Mr Jones: And you do not host services from British Airways, do you?

Mr Hodgetts: No, we do not; but we are not alone in regional airports - there are very few that do now.

Q1498 Mr Jones: Please do not be defensive, I am just asking is that a disadvantage to you because clearly it is the premier flight carrier in this country.

Mr Hodgetts: The British Airways brand is important to a lot of airports and we would welcome it back if their commitment could be assured to the regions, and I think that is a strategic issue that you will have to take up with British Airways; we find they are not interested in the shorter haul services particularly out of the UK regions.

Q1499 Mr Jones: You did British Airways services, did you not?

Mr Hodgetts: Yes.

Q1500 Mr Jones: How long ago was that?

Mr Hodgetts: 2001 they withdrew the base.

Q1501 Mr Jones: For how long had they been operating from Cardiff?

Mr Hodgetts: 15 years prior to that.

Q1502 Mr Jones: Would you like to see them back?

Mr Hodgetts: It depends on which routes they would fly. There are some routes that the market has shifted considerably, particularly in terms of low cost competition, but there are key routes that British Airways could actually provide a very good connection with, particularly into Europe.

Q1503 Mr Jones: Mr Evans wants to come in.

Mr Evans: I think it is important to look at how airlines are consolidating throughout Europe and that process has been speeded up by the cost pressures of high cost fuel and lowering demand from economic recession. One group is around is around Lufthansa, the other group is around Air France and KLM and the other grouping will be around British Airways. I think it is important for a regional airport to try to establish connections into the networks of all of those three big carriers. Obviously we have talked about there is no connection with Lufthansa. There is a KLM connection to Amsterdam and, as you have pointed out, there is no connection to London Heathrow, which is the major hub of British Airways. My view is that there is little chance of establishing a link to Heathrow because of the reason that has already been given - the high cost of slots at London Heathrow. The recent history is that routes from the English regions to Heathrow have been reduced over the years as those slots become more valuable and more valuable to use on routes into Europe and for long haul services. For instance, Birmingham does not have any connection with Heathrow; that connection was lost and that is about the same sort of distance as Cardiff is from Heathrow. I also think there is little chance of establishing new British Airways routes - British Airways, as has already been said, have withdrawn from the UK regions and they have concentrated on building their hub at Heathrow and that is likely to continue.

Q1504 Mr Jones: Mr Evans, you have a slightly different perspective from Mr Hodgetts, on this. Do you feel that it would be an advantage to South Wales passengers to be able to access the principal hub of Heathrow from Cardiff rather than have to resort to road and/or rail to get there?

Mr Evans: It is a very difficult route to establish because there is a two-hour train service from Cardiff from London, so there would be no point to point traffic on such a route. It would have to be established solely as a feeder route to feed into the British Airways network; so unless it was established by British Airways you would not get the benefit of those connections.

Q1505 Mr Jones: But not necessarily a BA flight. Would it not be possible for some other airline to provide a service? Would that not be a benefit?

Mr Evans: Only if that airline had an agreement to co-share with British Airways so that you had through ticketing throughout the whole of the British Airways network, from starting your journey in Cardiff.

Q1506 Mr Jones: That, of course, is the weakness of Cardiff, is it not, in terms of a major international airport - getting into the major routes? At the moment you are reliant upon Schiphol.

Mr Evans: That is right. As I said, really a regional airport will need to connect into those three big groupings and at the moment they are only connected to one.

Q1507 Mr Jones: Could we turn please, Mr Evans, to Anglesey Airport, which is, as you know, providing a service to Cardiff at the moment. Can you see any potential for the further development of Anglesey Airport and perhaps you could explain in what circumstances?

Mr Evans: The Welsh Assembly Government has funded the capital cost of providing a terminal at Anglesey and also provides the revenue for the running of the terminal. Now that they have spent these costs it would seem logical to try and spread those costs over a greater range of services. The one service that there is that is supported by the Welsh Assembly Government has been extremely successful but you have to add with a large amount of government support and which gives very low fares, which has obviously stimulated demand. The original intra-Wales air service study suggested that a route to Dublin would be commercially viable, but if we look at similar airports elsewhere, and the one that comes to mind is Newquay in Cornwall, that developed solely on a route to Heathrow and to my mind if any route is going to be successful it is going to be a London route, but you have to take into account that the rail service is being improved to London and as that gets nearer and nearer to a three-hour service then air transport becomes less and less competitive.

Q1508 Mr Jones: So, to summarise, would you think that Dublin would be commercially viable? And when I say commercially viable I mean without subsidy?

Mr Evans: I think that would be challenging to establish a Dublin route without subsidy.

Q1509 Mr Jones: I am aware, of course, that Liverpool has a Dublin service and I am sure that Manchester has a Dublin service too.

Mr Evans: Yes, it does. But you have to look at the size of the local market.

Q1510 Mr Jones: Indeed, that is the point I am making. It would seem to me that Liverpool and/or Manchester would be the natural airport for customers from north east Wales where of course the bulk of the population in North Wales is. You have a very small market in Anglesey.

Mr Evans: Yes and as you get further and further east those passengers will be attracted to the greater range of services and maybe lower cost services that are provided from Liverpool and Manchester airports. So if any route through Dublin is going to be successful it would have to be by an airline that is able to offer those interlined opportunities to go on to other destinations, so it would have to be an airline that is either Aer Lingus or a co-share with Aer Lingus, and you would also have to give consideration to the tourism offering, making sure that international tourists who visit Dublin would be attracted to come and have a visit to North Wales at the same time.

Q1511 Mr Jones: To summarise, the impression I get from what you are saying is that you are sceptical as to the commercial viability; is that fair?

Mr Evans: All I am saying is that that demand is as yet unproven and I think there is a lot more work to be done to show where that demand is coming from.

Q1512 Mr Jones: Are there any other regional airports in Wales that could realistically be developed?

Mr Evans: I think there is a need to look at where there is a strategic need for airports in Wales, and certainly the area that springs to mind is west Wales, which is one of the most remote and peripheral parts of the United Kingdom when it comes to access to air services. Even though it is remote, there is a large number of people from that area who do use air services, so that would tend to indicate that if you provided a local service that would stimulate even more demand, and I would think that a west Wales airport is viable.

Q1513 Mr Jones: What sort of routes would you see operated in a West Wales airport?

Mr Evans: Certainly domestic routes because passengers do not like to travel long distances to access domestic air services, so domestic air services would attract the greatest share of that market.

Q1514 Mr Jones: To Cardiff?

Mr Evans: You cannot provide an air service from West Wales to Cardiff, unfortunately, because the surface alternatives, although they are quite slow, are not quite slow enough to make an air service viable.

Q1515 Mr Jones: So London in that case?

Mr Evans: I would say London, yes.

Q1516 Mr Jones: And which airport in particular do you have in mind when you talk of a west Wales airport?

Mr Evans: I think the one that is best placed to serve west Wales would be Haverfordwest, which is a local authority-owned airport. They have had ambitions for many years to have commercial services from the airport.

Q1517 Mr Jones: What is that used for at the moment, chiefly?

Mr Evans: It is used for general aviation, so flying training, there is some air charter, and that air charter shows that there is some demand locally for air transport services.

Chairman: Could Mr Pritchard ask a supplementary before you move on to Manchester.

Q1518 Mark Pritchard: I just wanted to ask on Haverfordwest and some of the charter flights around some of the oil companies; has there been any investigation or research as to the legal issues and the practical issues about some people actually sharing those aircraft, and if they are flying two or three executives in and it is a 12-seater, why some people in Wales cannot share those aircraft?

Mr Evans: There is no legal reason why small charter aircraft cannot be shared on that basis. I think the difficulty is in how you would market such a service, so how many people would have to book on the service in order to say that it is going to run, so you therefore get uncertainty issues because it would not run unless you had got a certain number of people, and then you have to all decide what is the best time for it to run to suit everybody who wants to use the service, so, yes, there is no legal reason why not, but there are a number of practical reasons why it could not be done.

Q1519 Mr Jones: Mr Longworth, just returning to your submission - and thank you very much for that - on the question of access to Manchester Airport from north Wales, it appears very clear from your memo that by far the largest number of north Wales passengers come to Manchester by road?

Mr Longworth: That is correct.

Q1520 Mr Jones: And by private car?

Mr Longworth: Yes.

Q1521 Mr Jones: In fact, the percentage of people coming by rail is very small indeed, only 4.5%; I think that is right?

Mr Longworth: Yes.

Q1522 Mr Jones: Can you say why the rail links between north Wales and Manchester Airport have not been upgraded and improved?

Mr Longworth: I think you have to go back to the origin of the development of the rail link into Manchester Airport in the early 1990s when the airport rail link was first put in. That was put in at the time of British Rail, and the wisdom at the time was that an airport rail link for that type of airport would best be served by a shuttle to Manchester Piccadilly, and, indeed, the original format was half-hourly trains from the airport station to Manchester Piccadilly, supplemented by two longer haul trains, one going to the east coast and one going to the north west coast, to Blackpool. Very quickly it was established that there was a passenger preference for direct trains into the airport.

Q1523 Mr Jones: Particularly if you are incumbent with a lot of suitcases.

Mr Longworth: It was exactly that, and unless a passenger is travelling to Heathrow and is prepared to put up with the trouble and strife of going across central London, then for Manchester and the other regional airports, the direct destination is what drives passenger volume. British Rail in the early days of the rail link recognised that very quickly and started to route in trains that it could reasonably path from Manchester Piccadilly down to Manchester Airport. I would say at that time it was probably done more on an opportunistic basis rather than a strategic view of where the market lay. We saw services developing to the Lake District, across to Liverpool, and latterly strengthening the Sheffield service across south Yorkshire. What happened subsequently to that was effectively that that forecast that we had into the airport station grew from four to eight to almost nine very quickly, at which point the airport station was full and it gave no headroom for new services to come in.

Q1524 Mr Jones: You have got another platform coming in.

Mr Longworth: We have got another platform and that platform is available now. I will return to that in a moment, if you like, just in the context of what we are doing. We became known as a path-hungry station that was very reliant on train paths rather than loading volume on the train services. In terms of market opportunity and development of new train services, we are pursuing that logic and seeing where we can strengthen the market. We have evaluated with the SRA, and now the Department for Transport, and the train operators about where the opportunities may be for growth, and certainly north Wales has always been one of the stronger market areas, and the aspiration would be to extend that service into Manchester Airport.

Q1525 Mr Jones: Can I just pause briefly there. You have said that 816,000 north Wales travellers use Manchester Airport. What percentage is that of the overall usage of Manchester?

Mr Longworth: That data would be around about the 22 million passenger throughput at the end of 2006-07, so it is slightly less than one in 20. It is a reasonable percentage of our business, slightly less than 10%, so we would have a very strong market threshold in there. I would add that it is the concentration of the market, and the nature of north Wales is actually more dispersed along the north Wales coastline, so we do not have a single destination defined as being north Wales in the way that you might have a concentrated market of, say, Merseyside or Leeds/Sheffield on the east side of our catchment area.

Q1526 Mr Jones: So it is an important market but it is relatively small in the context of your overall passenger base?

Mr Longworth: I would say "relatively small" is being a bit too negative. It is an important market. In itself, if you think there are 1.2 million passengers coming from north Wales mainly to Manchester and to John Lennon Airports, that is a significant number of air passengers travelling.

Q1527 Mr Jones: Indeed. It seems very odd that the rail services are so very poor from north Wales to Manchester Airport.

Mr Longworth: Yes, and it has been a source of anguish in the region for a long time, and the development of a north Wales rail service between north Wales and through to Manchester itself, versus the airport, has been one of the topics that has been hotly debated with Network Rail, and Railtrack before it.

Q1528 Mr Jones: The journey time is very long indeed, it is over two and a half hours, which I would guess is pretty much a disincentive to almost any passenger?

Mr Longworth: It is. Again we know that journey time is a factor on that. I think the journey time in that sense is important in relation to the road time. The development of the dual carriageway and the high-quality A55, and then the network around Chester and linking to the M56 has certainly made road access very efficient and has made north Wales very accessible. I would have to say that the same is true of a lot of destinations in the north west of England. The early development of the motorway and dual carriageway network around the region has stimulated airport access by car rather than by public transport from certain destinations.

Q1529 Mr Jones: Have you had any discussions with Arriva Trains as to the potential for developing through routes to Manchester Airport?

Mr Longworth: Not since Arriva took over the franchise, and the reason for that was not that we do not want this but rather the lack of capacity at the airport end until now.

Q1530 Mr Jones: So you could not accommodate them anyway?

Mr Longworth: We could not accommodate them anyway and, to be fair to Arriva, and knowing the people that have been involved with rail in the change of the franchise before that, I think there was an industry consensus that a direct service to Manchester Airport would be good for the product and good for the region. The realistic assessment was a lack of capacity in the Manchester area and alack of capacity at the airport station end on the line connecting Manchester Piccadilly to Manchester Airport would mitigate against that. There has been a lot of work around rail capacity in the Manchester area to identify what those issues may be. Indeed, Network Rail, as you may know, has a study going at the moment to look at the problems in the Manchester area.

Q1531 Mr Jones: Do you see any prospect of an improved rail service from north Wales to Manchester Airport?

Mr Longworth: I do. You mentioned earlier that we have got the third platform available. The third railway platform was essentially brought in to fulfil initially a reliability issue that was arising from the number of trains serving the airport. Because we are operating very near the capacity limit of the network in that area, because most of the trains come through Manchester, if a train runs late into Manchester it has been standard operational practice for Network Rail to recover the time lost by trains by terminating the train short at Manchester Piccadilly, and therefore inconveniencing anybody going down to the airport. They were obviously relying on the fact that there is good connectivity from Piccadilly to the airport, and therefore network benefits have outweighed the issues of airport access. There is also the supplementary issue that has developed from the December 2008 timetable to take place shortly where Virgin Trains will go three times an hour Manchester to London, which was effectively constraining paths around the Manchester area. That, again, would have impacted on an airport service, potentially losing a train to Manchester Airport that we already had, so we could have gone from, say, nine trains an hour at maximum down to eight because the capacity was not there in the system. There was an acknowledgement from the SRA in its latter days that this was an issue that needed to be resolved. DfT, as it took over the stewardship of rail strategy and development, acknowledged that. I have to say it did not provide any direct funding for it; it provided support for it but judged it to be a regional issue. However, we did manage to secure a funding package to develop the third platform. With the third railway platform in place, it does, in theory, give us extra capacity at the airport end to deal with additional trains. Ultimately, it does not solve the problem of getting through Manchester, but it does ease things slightly. I know that there have been a number of operators now the platform is available looking to see if they can get an extra train into the airport.

Q1532 Mr Jones: Have you had any discussions with the Welsh Assembly Government?

Mr Longworth: Not on this matter yet, no.

Q1533 Mr Jones: Sorry, you have not discussed the question of access at all from north Wales?

Mr Longworth: No.

Q1534 Mr Jones: Because I remember raising this when I was in the Assembly six years ago, so they are clearly aware of the difficulty.

Mr Longworth: I was not aware of that.

Q1535 Mr Jones: So they have had no discussions with you at all?

Mr Longworth: Not in recent times. In previous years we have invited representatives from the Welsh Assembly to the Airport Transport Forum, so we have had that contact at that level.

Q1536 Mr Jones: You mentioned the western rail link; how imminent or otherwise is this?

Mr Longworth: I would say that is a medium to long-term scheme at the moment.

Q1537 Mr Jones: In terms of years that is what?

Mr Longworth: I would say at least ten, probably more like 15 years plus.

Q1538 Mr Jones: So way in the long grass?

Mr Longworth: Yes, way in the long term.

Q1539 Mr Jones: One other point - you mentioned in your memorandum that another means of access from north Wales to Manchester Airport is via Crewe rather than Manchester. Is there any possibility of having through trains via Crewe or would it inevitably be necessary to change at Crewe?

Mr Longworth: There is a possibility. Again, this comes back to how capacity is used on the network. One of the constraints that we have with southbound services at the moment is the crafting of this new timetable. Network Rail has run a series of utilisation studies across the network. The North West Study looked at access to Manchester Airport, and one of the issues we raised in that was access from the south through to Crewe and then obviously to Chester and perhaps beyond to north Wales from that point. That study concluded that it was not appropriate to look at that issue at the time because of the uncertainty of how the timetable was going to develop and how it would operate post December 2008. They remitted that piece of thinking through to the West Coast Mainline Utilisation Study. Work on that has just started. We attended an opening meeting of that about a week and a half ago and indeed raised that as one of the issues that we have - access from the south to Manchester Airport to Crewe and that provides connectivity to north Wales, Chester and indeed down across to the Midlands as well. It is a weak spot in our surface access links at the moment.

Q1540 Mr Jones: And capable of being improved?

Mr Longworth: Very much capable of being improved. There is an imbalance in utilisation capacity between the north and the south. We invested collectively with partners over £6 million to provide the south-facing cord opened in 1996 and this has been very lightly used. That is an issue of concern to us, that the industry at the moment is not responding to the challenge of providing a better service.

Chairman: I know that North Wales' greatest son, Lloyd George, was born in Manchester but we will progress in a moment. Just one final question.

Q1541 Mr Jones: Yes, there was one final question and that is: if it were possible to utilise the Crewe link, would that significantly reduce journey times from north Wales or would they be just about the same but you would not have the fag of changing trains?

Mr Longworth: Potentially. I think the judgment we need to make is whether the north Wales service can be extended through Manchester Piccadilly down to Manchester Airport and whether the journey times, depending on other factors, can be made competitive. I suspect that the overall journey time is probably not going to be significantly different depending which way you go. The issue at the moment is really down to access to the track at the right time, competing with the train paths in the south Manchester area. That is a problem that the industry faces. It has taken the bold step to make Manchester/London three times an hour and it has issues that it has to solve around that.

Q1542 Mr Jones: So people will carry on coming by car really, will they not?

Mr Longworth: In the absence of any alternatives, people will come by car and find the car journey and the times they travel reasonable as opposed to ideal.

Q1543 Mark Pritchard: I would have liked to ask this question to both Manchester and Cardiff but, with the greatest respect to Mr Longworth, I think it is something that he may not be able to answer. It is about how business-friendly airports, are relating to a specific issue that I shall touch on. Mr Hodgetts, if I may, I presume business passengers are very important to Cardiff?

Mr Hodgetts: Very much so. They are the key to KLM's routes, for example, and they are a significant proportion on Edinburgh, Glasgow and Newcastle.

Q1544 Mark Pritchard: A rough estimate, unless you know the exact figure of business passengers last year?

Mr Hodgetts: Our business passengers are less than 20% of the mix.

Q1545 Mark Pritchard: Last year in actual numerical terms?

Mr Hodgetts: There would be less than 400,000 passengers in total across the whole.

Q1546 Mark Pritchard: This is business passengers, 400,000?

Mr Hodgetts: Yes.

Q1547 Mark Pritchard: Okay, and when businessmen travel, a lot of them take their laptops (some do not) and the business working environment within the airport is very important, business lounges, et cetera. What is the business lounge access and availability like?

Mr Hodgetts: We have our own business lounge which we operate using the airport company. It is available to all KLM business-class passengers as a right, as with Eastern Airways and Flybe who can offer it to their passengers on the same basis. We sell it extensively through the Internet and we have a high proportion of repeat business in there. It has Wi-Fi activity, for example, built in.

Q1548 Mark Pritchard: Looking at some of the blog sites for business users for your airport, given that there were 400,000 business passengers at your airport last year, how many internet terminals are there in that business lounge?

Mr Hodgetts: There are six internet terminals in total but most people are using Wi-Fi now.

Q1549 Mark Pritchard: That is not correct if you look at the people responding to your own surveys and blog sites on your airport, a lot of business passengers do not want to have to take their laptop with them, pack it, unpack it, go through security, et cetera, so many are reliant still on an internet terminal to do emails or to do business whilst travelling. I am very surprised and it really fits the pattern, not only at Cardiff, to be fair, but Manchester as well, so you have 400,000 business passengers a year, some of course will take laptops, some will use Wi-Fi, but a lot will not, and there are six internet terminals. Do you think that is really being business friendly?

Mr Hodgetts: I think we will review that. We had not perceived the level of disquiet that you have picked up from the blogs from our own surveys, for example.

Q1550 Mark Pritchard: The use of those internet terminals, just to test your knowledge here, forgive me, are they actually pay-as-you-go?

Mr Hodgetts: They are pay-as-you-go.

Q1551 Mark Pritchard: Are they change pay-as-you-go or are they credit card?

Mr Hodgetts: They will be credit card.

Q1552 Mark Pritchard: Thank you. I am sorry, I just did not know if you worked in business lounges, that is all.

Mr Longworth: I do not but I do know a few things on that subject. We have an 80/20 split business/leisure as well. Obviously in terms of our market and what we are trying to do, that 20% of business travellers is an important part of the market of four million people. We do have a suite of lounges and we do have the same issues that you have referred to there.

Q1553 Mark Pritchard: To be fair, it is UK-wide. I think Birmingham is probably the worst example but if you read some of the blogs on your website, they talk about "cramped conditions", "tatty business lounges", "not enough internet access", "rude staff" (that is a generalisation, I am sure) but, nevertheless, particularly for foreign visiting businessmen, Americans who expect these facilities on tap without a problem, without a fuss, I hope that the perspective of six internet terminals against the backdrop of 400,000 passengers might encourage Cardiff, and might encourage Birmingham and Manchester to look after their business passengers more if they are as important as you said today that they are.

Mr Longworth: There has been significant investment at Manchester in the last two or three years in terms of the way we are structuring the profile of the terminals and there is a lot of development to come at terminal one. We have moved the airside/landside boundary back, so when you arrive at Manchester, you check in and after check-in basically you go through to the departure lounge. What that has enabled us to do is to restructure the departure lounge in terms of the product offer that we offer the customer. In terminal one that has created space on the southern front side of the airport, where previously we had a food court. That space is earmarked for lounge development. We do have a number of lounges in terminal one whilst we are doing T2 and T3, but with the T1 development it now gives us the opportunity to provide a lounge and product accessibility to longer haul carriers that might relocate to terminal one. This is in line with looking at the product offering across the three terminals so we structure the right product for the right airline in the right place. What we have been trying to do is to match the various sectors of the market that we serve with the product that we are able to develop and serve in the terminals from an airline and from an end user point of view too.

Q1554 Mark Pritchard: Finally on this point which I do want to make because it is important, time is money when you run a business - I used to travel all over the place - and when you are in the business lounge trying to run your company, you do not necessarily want to take a printer with you, for example, so you want not just one printer that might jam or one printer that 15 businessmen want to print out from. There should be far improved business facilities in our airports if we are to not only keep existing business people passing through but attract new ones. It is not a vast expense and it is very embarrassing at Birmingham; for example, one of their lounges has one internet terminal. Imagine if you are an American visiting Birmingham and you are thinking about investing in Britain's second city, and they have got one internet terminal in the business lounge. It is embarrassing for the country, frankly.

Mr Longworth: I would point out - and I cannot speak for Birmingham and other airports - that in Manchester most of the lounges are provided and fitted out by airlines or by handling agents working on contract for airlines.

Q1555 Mark Pritchard: My final point would be that most business people passing through Cardiff and Manchester are not going through security to go and eat a burger and fries; they are going to work on the other side in the one and a half hour wait until they get on that plane.

Mr Longworth: Yes, and they are making use of the lounge facilities in there, but those facilities are provided by the airline or by the handling agent, depending on which lounge product it is.

Q1556 Mark Pritchard: I know but what those airlines do and do not do reflects on the overall image and reputation of the airport.

Mr Longworth: That is true.

Q1557 Mr Jones: I have to say, Chairman, and Mr Longworth might like to know this, that I think that the BA lounge in terminal three has improved tremendously recently.

Mr Hodgetts: We will look again at our product.

Mark Pritchard: We are working together here to try and be helpful.

Q1558 Alun Michael: Could I turn to one other issue. You referred, Mr Hodgetts, to the issue of access being very important to people. There has been a proposal for a new road link to Cardiff International Airport from the M4, and indeed I can recall discussing during my time as First Minister the idea that a direct link which took people away from the obvious congestion of Culverhouse Cross and the coast road would have significant benefits. Do you think that would help, firstly, in terms of effectively increasing the catchment area for the airport and, secondly, the impression that people have about the ease of access?

Mr Hodgetts: I think the latter is more important than the former. We are looking to retain a market that is leaking to other markets from within our core catchment area, so the distance travelled is not critical. However, for inbound visitors, the perception they get of Wales is not great from either the point of view of public transport links at the present time or the road access, so we perceive that to be important. It is also important in talking to airlines who perceive access to be one of the key areas of differentiation that airports might provide. It is not sufficient to outweigh other market characteristics but one that can be added to the balance. It is not the primary need for Cardiff Airport; network is the need. If network is right, as Bristol Airport proves, road access is not necessarily an inhibitor. We need to get the network right and that is the commitment that we are working on at present. We would welcome improved access, not simply from the road but also through public transport. The announcement that was made of improvements to Cardiff Central and Coving(?) Junction, which will free up access capacity for Cardiff Airport (the same problem that happens in Manchester) is important to us as well.

Q1559 Alun Michael: That is very helpful. Can we look at one other issue which is the encouragement of air freight. That has not developed very quickly at Cardiff Airport. Do you think that there is potential for a significant increase in freight?

Mr Hodgetts: We do. It depends again on the mix of services. A longer haul service would automatically attract freight because that is part of the product that they sell to ensure profitability. The majority of other freight that attracts at the regional airports is usually fast parcels, and we have had a successful operation with TNT which has allowed later close-out times for example in Wales and the west of England than would be achieved by trucking it into East Midlands. The pressures of the current business downturn have caused TNT to suspend that service at the present time and consolidate, so it is clear that close-out as a USP for a parcels operator is not going to outweigh operating characteristics. We still think that there are opportunities for that market to consolidate into the west. Given the night restrictions at Bristol, we see that as being an ideal market for Cardiff, which has a lower environmental impact. In terms of pure freight, that depends again on the manufacturing mix. The biggest elements of pure freight that we see at Cardiff are coinage from the Royal Mint and machine tools for Ford in particular, who like to keep the engine plant running at full capacity. We do not see a lot of manufactured materials moved by air; they are not usually the appropriate means.

Mr Evans: I just wanted to give you an example of the Emirates route from Newcastle International Airport to Dubai, and on that route, according to a press release I have here, over the past 12 months Emirates has shipped 1.7 million kilos of freight to and from the North East, more than four times the total cargo shipments through Newcastle International Airport in the whole of the previous year. It just emphasises what Steve Hodgetts was saying there, that a new wide-bodied route to an international destination could transform the amount of freight that goes through Cardiff Airport. The other thing is that we really do not know enough about the flows of freight from Wales that use an airport at the moment. Obviously the majority of freight travels through an airport in England or even goes over to Europe, but we do not know what those amounts are and, without knowing those amounts, it is difficult to give information to Cardiff Airport that they can use to market to new airlines.

Q1560 Alun Michael: Have there been any efforts to identify the importance to business in Wales of that and whether there is the capacity to attract it to Cardiff?

Mr Evans: An outcome of the Wales freight study was that there should be air freight study undertaken in Wales, but that work has not been started yet by the Assembly Government.

Q1561 Alun Michael: But you understand that it is to go ahead?

Mr Evans: I do not know that it is going to go ahead but I am hopeful that it is going to go ahead.

Q1562 Mr Jones: Mr Evans, would you say that inward tourism to Wales is being limited because of the long surface journeys that passengers have to undertake from Heathrow or Gatwick to get to Wales, south Wales in particular? Manchester of course is fairly close to north Wales.

Mr Evans: Yes, where outbound travellers are prepared to travel long distances by surface to reach their airport, inbound travellers like to travel to an airport as close to their destination as possible, so my view is that there are tourists who are discouraged from coming to Wales purely because of that difficulty of access. If they fly into an airport in England, why would they not be distracted by other things and not actually make it to Wales?

Q1563 Mr Jones: Have you got evidence for that or is that just a gut feeling?

Mr Evans: I have not got evidence of that; that is just purely my feeling.

Q1564 Mr Jones: Mr Longworth, do you know the extent to which passengers from overseas are using Manchester as a gateway to north Wales for tourism purposes?

Mr Longworth: I have not got an exact figure. What I can say is that the amount of passengers using Manchester for gateway purposes is relatively small, I think perhaps only about 10% of foreign inbound. One of the issues that we have had is promoting Manchester as an access point as an alternative to Heathrow.

Q1565 Mr Jones: So you are primarily an outbound airport?

Mr Longworth: Yes, primarily an outbound airport, and therefore our route development is obviously skewed and affected by that. We do work with Marketing Manchester as the inbound tourism resource to promote Manchester as the gateway airport to the north and indeed through to north Wales and Chester. We are always working very hard with Marketing Manchester to strengthen particularly the North American market where the understanding of gateway points into the UK is probably not well-known, and there is a tendency to route people to Heathrow and then let them find their way from Heathrow without actually understanding that there are other destinations that they can go to, be it Manchester or other points, and therefore I think there is this tendency to concentrate on London and not to get people, particularly first-time travellers, into other parts of the United Kingdom.

Q1566 Mr Jones: To what extent are you working, for example, with Visit Wales?

Mr Longworth: Again through Marketing Manchester, we use Marketing Manchester.

Q1567 Mr Jones: So they are the point of contact?

Mr Longworth: They are the contact point. We use Marketing Manchester as a contact point. They would deal with Visit Wales and they would deal with England's North Country and so forth as the tourist contact point. Their remit is to go to contact points in the US and sell Manchester as a gateway airport and therefore the gateway point that would connect you through to Chester and then through to North Wales or through to the Lake District and York on the east coast.

Q1568 Mr Jones: What about you, Mr Hodgetts, are you working closely with Visit Wales?

Mr Hodgetts: We work very closely with Visit Wales. We work at director level with Roger Pride in particular. We are aware that Visit Wales has a plethora of competing claims for its time and money. We are still very keen for them to apply on a consistent basis tourism marketing in Scotland, for example, and again to support the resumption to Toronto next year. Any other routes such as Paris we think should be supported as well. We find it harder to engage on those routes at the present time.

Q1569 Mr Jones: Do you know whether Visit Wales are active in places like Paris, Frankfurt and Amsterdam, promoting Wales as a tourist destination?

Mr Hodgetts: They are, and they are particularly active in Germany, and that is another reason why we support a German service as a high priority. Germany is one of the foremost inbound tourist networks for Wales and we think we can build on that traffic that already exists, and indeed in some cases short-circuit it and bring it through Cardiff Airport should a route develop. It is important for us that Visit Wales develops an awareness of Wales generally to create a tourist market. Where there are established flows of passengers there is an opportunity to interest airlines in actually attracting them onto a direct service.

Q1570 Mr Jones: Mr Longworth has just said that Manchester is essentially an outbound airport. Would you say that the same is true for Cardiff?

Mr Hodgetts: Absolutely, and it is typical of a lot of regional airports.

Q1571 Mr Jones: Is the limited availability of direct flights from Europe to Cardiff a barrier to inward investment?

Mr Hodgetts: We are being told so repeatedly by International Business Wales, and the Welsh Development Agency before that. Cardiff City Council highlights in their Future Strategy report on the future of Cardiff for the next ten years that connectivity through Cardiff is perceived as a barrier to investment and an inhibitor. We feel that criticism very strongly, which is why we are so active in the route development field.

Q1572 Mr Jones: To what extent is the Welsh Assembly Government assisting you, short of financial support through route development funds?

Mr Hodgetts: The Welsh Assembly Government has assisted us by attending meetings with airlines around the world, including the Middle East and in the USA, to highlight directly the perceived advantages of Wales, both in economic terms and in tourism terms. Those visits are very welcome and that support is very welcome. Ultimately, as we have said, it comes down to what is the market attractiveness going to be and how is that going to be perceived by an airline. If the market is perceived as less attractive than competing markets, which could be worldwide, then we may need to see more direct support.

Q1573 Mr Jones: Are you finding, Mr Longworth, the Welsh Assembly Government equally helpful in terms of your route development?

Mr Longworth: I do not deal with route development so I would have to defer that question back to colleagues.

Q1574 Mr Jones: Could you ask them, I would be grateful.

Mr Longworth: I will ask the question of colleagues, yes.

Q1575 Mr Jones: Thank you.

Mr Evans: If I could again give you an example of what is happening elsewhere. I have mentioned Newcastle a lot but there are a number of things happening there from which I think we can learn. Their local development agency has had campaigns such as branding the region on the side of aircraft. In supporting the Emirates route to Dubai, they have actually established websites to sell the region to New Zealand and Australia because you can connect to there through Dubai. I think those are the sorts of things that the Assembly Government could do in support of new routes through Cardiff Airport.

Q1576 Mr Jones: Who operates Newcastle?

Mr Hodgetts: It is a combination of Copenhagen Airport and Macquarie.

Mr Longworth: It is a 49/51 % split in favour of Macquarie.

Q1577 Mr Jones: So they are obviously a very dynamic company.

Mr Evans: I think the key is the partnership that they have established with the local regional development agency in that they have both taken responsibility for increasing the range of routes from the airport.

Q1578 Mr Jones: So really the Welsh Assembly Government now could take a leaf out of the Regional Development Agency's book in Newcastle?

Mr Evans: That is what I would say, yes.

Q1579 Chairman: Mr Hodgetts, the contrast between Cardiff and Bristol in terms of communication and ease of access is very striking. Certainly from south Wales Cardiff is much easier to get to than Bristol. I am not quite sure what the question is really, but my feeling is that Cardiff should be doing a lot better because of that, and we seem to be losing a lot of traffic to Bristol from south Wales despite the fact that Bristol is an extremely difficult airport to access.

Mr Hodgetts: It is because of why do we travel, why do we use air transport; we use it to get some place else, in the majority of cases. In regional airports it is for people who live in the locality within the catchment to go to a place that they want to be at. Bristol has a network that is significantly bigger and more frequent than Cardiff and therefore the opportunities for you to travel from it are simply greater, and we all tend to use those.

Q1580 Chairman: So people are prepared to suffer the difficulties, people complain a lot about getting into Bristol but they still go there?

Mr Hodgetts: Absolutely right, and I have had comments made to me by people who use it that it is the equivalent of crawling over broken glass, but you can get to where you want to go when you are there.

Q1581 Mr Jones: In demographic terms, how does Cardiff compare with Newcastle?

Mr Hodgetts: Very similar.

Mr Evans: In numbers Newcastle has got a slightly larger catchment area but in social demographics they are probably very similar.

Q1582 Chairman: If Cardiff were to get a new railway station, would that make a significant difference?

Mr Hodgetts: Again, access is not the critical factor in airline choice. Market characteristics and the market risk are two big areas. Every advantage that we can display in terms of accessibility and in terms of distribution patterns is an advantage but it is not the primary one.

Q1583 Chairman: The striking contrast then is with places like Newcastle. It occurs to me that four or five years ago we had Professor Peter Gripaios from the University of Plymouth giving evidence to us on manufacturing, and he made the observation that there is a danger in Wales now, with devolution, of an air of introspection setting in what he described as "fortress Wales" and that we need to reassert the fact that Wales's greatest asset is England, its close proximity to England and its centres of population, business, and access to the major airports, and he made the observation that the then WDA, and to a lesser extent the Welsh Tourist Board, never mentioned how close Wales was to Heathrow or to Manchester or to Liverpool. Do we still suffer from that kind of introspection, Mr Evans?

Mr Evans: I said earlier that a very good study of intra-Wales air services had been undertaken which led to the establishment of the Cardiff/Anglesey air service but we have not had an equally good study of external air services, and if we look at the Wales Transport Strategy, in fact the strategy for enhancing international connectivity does not seem to be to improve the range of destinations served from Cardiff airport, it seems to be to improve surface access to other airports, and my feeling is that, yes, airports in the rest of England are going to be important to Wales where there is no provision from Cardiff, but the best provision would be to improve the range of services from Cardiff.

Chairman: It has been an extremely helpful session this morning, and this afternoon now. It will certainly help us in our questions which we shall be posing in the new year to the Deputy First Minister and Transport Minister, Mr Ieuan Wyn Jones. Thank you very much for your attendance.