TABLES
Table 1
DECLINE IN GOVERNMENT R&D FUNDING (REAL
TERMS 1985-6 TO 1998-9)
|
| £ million base year 1994-5
|
| Outturn
1986-7
|
1995-6 |
Plans
1997-8 |
%
Change
86-7/95-6
| %
Change
86-7/97-8
|
|
| OST1 & Research Councils | 875.4
| 1,239.5 | 1,223.0
| | |
| HEFC | 1,112.8
| 1,017.7 | 981.0
| | |
| Total Science Vote | 1,988.2
| 2,257.2 | 2,204.0
| +13.5 | +10.9
|
| Civil Departments | 1,612.6
| 968.82 | 876.02
| -39.9 | -45.7
|
| Defence | 2,975.4
| 2,106.9 | 2,040.0
| -29.2 | -31.4
|
| Total Departments | 4,588.0
| 3,075.7 | 2,916.0
| -33.0 | -36.4
|
| Indicative contribution to EU | 147.3
| 334.9 | 349.0
| | |
| Grand Total Real Terms2 | 6,723.5
| 5,667.8 | 5,469
| -15.7 | -18.7
|
| Grand Total Cash Terms2/3 | 4,350.1
| 5,667.8 | 5,718
| +30.3 | +31.4
|
|
Source: 1997 SET Statistics Tables 3.1 and 3.2.
NOTE:
1. OST forms a very small percentage £25.4 million
in 1995-6, equivalent to just over 1 per cent of the Science Vote.
2. Excludes NHS, which is included in DH R&D return
from 1995-6.
3. Cash terms taken from table 3.1.
Table 2
BUSINESS ENTERPRISE R&D (AS A PERCENTAGE OF GDP)
|
| Year | UK
| Germany1
| France2 |
Japan3 | USA4
|
|
| 1988 | 1.47 |
2.07 | 1.35
| 1.93 | 2.00
|
| 1989 | 1.49 |
2.07 | 1.41
| 2.06 | 1.96
|
| 1990 | 1.51 |
1.98 | 1.46
| 2.15 | 2.00
|
| 1991 | 1.42 |
1.81 | 1.48
| 2.12 | 2.07
|
| 1992 | 1.42 |
1.70 | 1.51
| 2.03 | 2.01
|
| 1993 | 1.44 |
1.62 | 1.51
| 1.90 | 1.88
|
| 1994 | 1.38 |
1.54 | 1.47
| 1.87 | 1.80
|
| 1995 | 1.34 |
1.51 | 1.44
| 1.95p | 1.85p
|
|
Source: Office for National Statistics.
NOTES:
1. There are breaks in series between 1990 and 1991,
and 1991 and 1992.
2. There is a break in series between 1991 and 1992.
3. Data from Japan are adjusted by OECD.
4. Excludes most or all capital expenditure. There is
a break in series between 1990 and 1991.
p. Provisional.
Table 3
COMPARING UK R&D/SALES RATIOS WITH G7 AVERAGES USING
NATIONAL ACCOUNTS STATISTICS
|
| Sector | Contribution to GDP (%)
| Gross Output £m
| R&D expenditure | R&D intensity
| G7 average intensity |
|
| High tech: | |
| | | |
| Pharmaceutical | 0.8
| 9,296 | 1,789
| 19.2 | 11.2
|
| Aerospace | 0.8
| 9,952 | 880
| 8.8 | 12.8
|
| Medium tech: | |
| | | |
| Electrical machinery | 2.0
| 35,085 | 1,232
| 3.5 | 6.9
|
| Chemicals | 1.6
| 31,933 | 803
| 2.5 | 3.4
|
| Transport equipment | 1.6
| 35,294 | 689
| 2.0 | 3.1
|
| Low tech: | |
| | | |
| Mechanical engineering | 3.3
| 48,701 | 756
| 1.6 | 3.8
|
| Other manufacturing | 11.6
| 189,476 | 782
| 0.4 | 0.8
|
| Total manufacturing | 21.5
| 359,738 | 6,931
| 1.9 | 2.5
|
|
Sources: ONS, OECD, DSTI.
NOTES:
1. G7 excludes Italy in Pharmaceuticals and Aerospace
sectors due to unavailability of data.
2. UK data refers to 1994, G7 data to 1992.
Quoted from UK R&D Scoreboard 1997, DTI.
Table 4
TOTAL PERSONNEL ENGAGED ON R&D IN THE UK 1986-1995
|
| 000s FTE | 1986
| 1995 | % Change
|
|
| Business | 188
| 148 | -21.3
|
| Research Councils | 14
| 12 | -14.3
|
| Govt Depts | 24
| 17 | -29.2
|
| HEIs | 52 |
n/a | n/a
|
| Private Non-Profit | 7
| 5 | -28.6
|
| TOTAL | 285
| 182 | -36.1
|
|
Source: 1997 SET Statistics Table 8.3.
Within Government the MOD has suffered the largest loss of
R&D personnel, as shown in Table 5.
Table 5
27 TOTAL PERSONNEL ENGAGED ON R&D WITHIN GOVERNMENT
|
| 000s FTE | | Estimated
Outturn
| Plan | % Change
|
| 1986-7 |
1996-7 | 1997-8
| 86-7/96-7 | 86-7/97-8
|
|
| Research Councils | 13,857
| 11,506 | 11,360
| -17.0 | -18.0
|
| Civil Depts | 8,133
| 7,252 | 6,273
| -10.8 | -22.9
|
| MOD | 16,331
| 7,702 | 7,702
| -52.8 | -52.8
|
| TOTAL | 38,321
| 26,460 | 25,336
| -31.0 | -33.9
|
|
| Source: 1997 SET Statistics Table 8.4.
|
Table 6
EMPLOYMENT1 ON R&D PERFORMED WITHIN UK BUSINESSES:
1989 TO 1996
|
| | 1989
| 1990 | 1991
| 1992 | 1993
| 1994 | 1995
| 1996 |
|
Scientists and
engineers | DLEJ
| 85 | 83
| 80 | 82
| 86 | 83
| 83 | 80
|
Technicians,
laboratory
assistants and
draughtsmen
| DLEK | 46
| 43 | 38
| 38 | 40
| 40 | 33
| 32 |
Administrative,
clerical
industrial and
other staff
| DLEL | 45
| 45 | 41
| 39 | 37
| 34 | 30
| 26 |
As percentage of total employment
Scientists and
engineers
| DLEM | 48
| 48 | 50
| 51 | 52
| 53 | 57
| 58 |
Technicians,
laboratory
assistants and
draughtsmen
| DLEN | 26
| 25 | 24
| 24 | 24
| 25 | 23
| 23 |
Administrative,
clerical
industrial and
other staff
| DLEO | 26
| 27 | 26
| 25 | 23
| 22 | 20
| 19 |
| TOTAL | DLEI
| 176 | 171
| 159 | 159
| 164 | 157
| 146 | 139
|
|
Source: Office for National Statistics.
NOTE:
1 Full time equivalents in thousands.
|
|
