| Aquaculture |
Controlled breeding of fish or shellfish (typically in fresh water or sheltered coastal marine environments).
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| Beam trawls |
Nets with heavily weighted chains on the foot rope, dragged along or just above the sea bed. Used for industrial fishing and for catching plaice, sole and other flat fish.
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| Blackfish | Fish landed illegally at night or in small unregulated harbours (typically fish which are undersized or from quotas that have already been exceeded).
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| By-catch | Any organism that is caught in addition to the target fish.
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| CFP | Common Fisheries Policy. Introduced in 1983 as a twenty year programme for fisheries management in EU waters.
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| Closed boxes |
Designated areas of sea closed to certain types of fishing, or to vessels over a certain size.
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| Cod end | Narrow-necked bag at the end of a trawl-net in which the fish collect.
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| Demersal | Fish living near the sea bottom (e.g. cod, halibut, ling and turbot).
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| Discards | Fish and other organisms disposed of at sea.
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| Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)
| Zone that reaches up to 200 nautical miles from shore.
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| Fishing capacity
| The potential of a fishing vessel to catch fish.
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| Fishing effort |
The amount of fishing exerted by a fishing vessel.
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| High Seas | The area beyond the outer limit of any Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ).
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| Industrial fishing
| Large scale fishing for low-value fish (e.g. sprat, pout and sand eel) to produce fish meal, oils and fat.
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| ITQ | Individual Transferable Quota. A fisheries management system where each vessel is allocated, or purchases, a portion of the national stock quota which can be traded between vessels.
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| Longline fishing
| The use of baited hooks on long lines to catch fish.
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| No take zone |
An area of the sea closed to all fishing.
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| Pelagic | Fish and other organisms living in the upper layers of the sea (e.g. herring, mackerel and pilchard).
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| Quota-hopping |
Where vessels of one nationality register in another country in order to gain access to its fishing quota.
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| 6 to 12 mile zone
| The part of the 12 mile limit within which others having a historic right may fish as well as vessels of the coastal state.
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| 12 mile zone |
The area of sea under the jurisdiction of the coastal state.
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